Quantifying Sustainability: A Critical Analysis of ESG Measurement Models in Accounting

Abstract

This article critically analyzes existing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) measurement models in accounting, evaluating their effectiveness and limitations in quantifying sustainability. It explores cost-based models, market-based models, asset-based models, and integrated reporting frameworks, highlighting their diverse approaches and underlying challenges. The article delves into issues of standardization, data quality, subjectivity, materiality, greenwashing, and short-termism. It emphasizes the need for continuous improvement, standardized reporting, and leveraging emerging technologies like blockchain and AI to enhance transparency and reliability. Ultimately, the article advocates for collaborative efforts to build a robust ESG ecosystem that effectively guides the transition towards a sustainable future