Artificial Intelligence and its Applications in Central Banks: A Comparative Analysis and Case Study of the Bank of Algeria

Abstract

This paper examines how central banks adopt and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI), paying particular attention to the case of the Central Bank of Algeria. Using a comparative study based on a 2024 survey by the Bank for International Settlements' Irving Fisher Committee of sixty “60” central banks, we examine general patterns of AI adoption, governance challenges, and the ways in which AI is used in operations; Eighty-eight percent (88%) of central banks use generative AI, and its most common applications are statistics, cyber security and economic research. But only twenty-five percent (25%) have reached operational production. Algeria has tremendous opportunities through its Vision 2030 and the digital transformation of its banking sector However; there are problems and challenges with technology infrastructure, data governance and people training. This study also contributes to the evolving literature on AI in central banks, by providing a perspective from emerging economies in the MENA region.